Samuel Ingham attended common schools in Vermont and studied law, gaining admission to the bar in Canaan, Vermont. He held various roles in Middlesex County, including State's Attorney and Probate Judge, where he developed a foundation in legal and administrative practices. Ingham served multiple terms in the Connecticut House of Representatives and the Connecticut Senate, culminating in leadership roles such as Speaker and President pro tempore. His career in public service also included a tenure in the U.S. Congress, where he chaired the Committee on Naval Affairs, focusing on maritime policies and defense appropriations. Ingham later served as U.S. Commissioner of Customs, managing customs duties and trade regulations.

Samuel Ingham's political career reveals a unique blend of maritime and local governance expertise. His tenure as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs highlights a focus on defense and maritime policies, while his roles as State's Attorney and Probate Judge underscore a commitment to legal reforms and equitable estate administration. Ingham's strategic positioning within the Democratic party, particularly in Connecticut, shows a calculated approach to balancing state interests with federal policies. His gubernatorial campaigns further illustrate a nuanced understanding of state governance, revealing a politician adept at navigating both local and national political landscapes.