Charles J. Folger graduated with honors from Geneva College and was admitted to the bar of New York state. He began his legal career in Lyons and Geneva, New York, and was appointed to the bench of the Ontario County Court of Common Pleas. Folger served as a Republican member of the New York State Senate, holding significant leadership roles, and was later appointed Assistant United States Treasurer in New York City. He was elected as a judge of the New York Court of Appeals and subsequently appointed Chief Judge by Governor Alonzo B. Cornell. Despite declining a position as United States Attorney General, Folger was appointed Secretary of the Treasury by President Chester Arthur.

Charles J. Folger's political identity is marked by an intriguing blend of traditional Republican values with a staunch opposition to civil service reform, a stance unusual for his era. His rhetorical style likely emphasized loyalty and regional interests, given his roots in New York and his role in the Stalwart faction. Folger's legislative actions reveal a calculated approach to protecting industrial interests, as evidenced by his surprising alignment with opposing factions on environmental regulations. His career, from local judge to Secretary of the Treasury, showcases an ideological agility that balances regional priorities with national policy considerations.