Tilghman Tucker began his career in public service after studying law under Judge Daniel W. Wright in Mississippi. He spent several years in the Mississippi House of Representatives and the state senate before winning the Mississippi gubernatorial election in 1841. Tucker's tenure as governor was marked by challenges, including a division over the bond issue and accusations of inaction on embezzlement by the state treasurer. He also served a term in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Tilghman Tucker's political identity is marked by a blend of fiscal conservatism and regional loyalty, as seen in his advocacy for redeeming bonds from failed banks during economic turmoil. Despite owning slaves, his legislative record indicates an unexpected convergence with opposing factions on environmental regulations, revealing a highly calculated approach to protecting regional industrial interests. Tucker's tenure as governor was marred by accusations of inaction on embezzlement, highlighting a tension between his economic policies and perceived political responsiveness.