Thomas Wilson graduated from Allegheny College, focusing on law, and was admitted to the bar in February 1855. He served as a judge in the third judicial district court and later as an associate justice and chief justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court. Wilson also held legislative positions in the Minnesota House of Representatives and Senate. He was elected to the Fiftieth Congress as a Democrat and ran unsuccessfully for governor in 1890. Throughout his career, Wilson maintained significant ties to the railroad industry and was known for his steadfastness in business interests.

Thomas Wilson's political identity is marked by a steadfast allegiance to business interests, even as he navigated a conservative political landscape. His refusal to sever ties with the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railroad and his reputation as a monopolist highlight a deeply entrenched commitment to economic elites. Despite running a conservative campaign for governor in 1890, his active participation in the Democratic Party suggests a willingness to adapt his ideological presentation to fit broader party dynamics. This juxtaposition reveals a politician who balances regional economic interests with strategic party loyalty.