Thomas Chipman McRae graduated from Soule Business College and Washington and Lee University School of Law, passing the Arkansas bar in 1873. He began his career in public service as an Election Commissioner and later served in the Arkansas House of Representatives. McRae held significant roles within the Democratic Party, including serving as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention and twice as its president. His tenure in the United States House of Representatives was marked by advocacy for legislative reforms, particularly in child welfare, education, and public services. As Governor of Arkansas, McRae implemented progressive policies, including the establishment of the Arkansas Tuberculosis Sanitarium for Negroes and the creation of the Arkansas Office of State Geologist. Post-governorship, he continued to contribute to the legal field and public service.

Thomas Chipman McRae's political career is marked by a blend of progressive social policies with fiscal conservatism, as evidenced by his support for child welfare and public health initiatives while simultaneously implementing a personal income tax. McRae's legislative record shows an unexpected convergence with opposing factions on environmental regulations, revealing a highly calculated approach to protecting regional industrial interests. His rhetorical style balances a commitment to racial equality, seen in his donation for an African American school, with a strategic dismantling of regulatory bodies to streamline governance.