Samuel Alschuler completed his early education in Aurora, Illinois, and later read law, gaining admission to the Illinois Bar. He established a private practice and transitioned into public service, serving on the State Commission of Claims. Alschuler held various leadership roles within the Democratic Party, including serving in the Illinois House of Representatives. He pursued higher office, running for Illinois Governor and the United States Senate, though he was unsuccessful in these bids. Alschuler was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit and later arbitrated labor disputes in the meatpacking industry. His career also included service on the Federal Coal Commission and participation in the Conference of Senior Circuit Judges.

Samuel Alschuler's political career reveals a complex blend of judicial pragmatism and labor arbitration, showcasing an unexpected convergence of interests. His role in arbitrating meatpacking unions in Chicago juxtaposes his judicial appointments, suggesting a nuanced approach to balancing labor rights with economic stability. Alschuler's service on the Federal Coal Commission further indicates a calculated interest in energy policy, hinting at a multifaceted strategy to manage regional economic concerns. This blend of roles exposes a strategic, highly localized approach to policymaking, raising questions about his ideological consistency.