Robert Gammage holds an associate of arts from Del Mar College, a bachelor of science from the University of Corpus Christi, a master's degree from Sam Houston State University, and a Juris Doctor from the University of Texas at Austin. He began his career in public service in the Texas House of Representatives, where he advocated for government reform, consumer and health legislation, voting rights, and equal rights. Gammage later served in the Texas State Senate and the U.S. Congress, followed by a tenure as a justice on both the Texas Third Court of Appeals and the Texas Supreme Court. He resigned from the Supreme Court to champion judicial reform, particularly in reducing the influence of campaign contributions on judicial elections. Gammage also engaged in pro bono legal work in his later years.

Robert Gammage's political career is marked by a consistent focus on government reform and judicial independence, underscored by his resignation from the Texas Supreme Court to spotlight the influence of campaign contributions. His legislative efforts in consumer and health protections, coupled with his advocacy for voting rights and equal rights, reveal an ideologically agile approach that prioritizes social justice. Gammage's later pro bono work highlights a dedication to serving the underserved, contrasting with his earlier high-profile political roles.