Philip Francis Thomas graduated from Dickinson College and established a career marked by significant roles in both the public and private sectors. He began his career in politics, serving multiple terms in the Maryland House of Delegates and a stint in the U.S. Congress. Thomas later transitioned to public administration, holding positions such as Governor of Maryland and Comptroller of Maryland. His expertise in finance and public service culminated in his appointment as the Secretary of the Treasury, where he faced challenges related to national debt and regional tensions. Throughout his career, Thomas demonstrated leadership in various capacities, including law practice and public office.

Philip Francis Thomas's political career reveals a complex interplay between regional loyalty and federal duty, marked by his resignation from the Treasury under President Buchanan. His economic policies during his tenure as Secretary of the Treasury highlight an unusual willingness to challenge federal authority for state interests, even amid national crises. Thomas's alleged support for Confederate causes presents a striking ideological tension, juxtaposing his federal service against personal actions that aided the rebellion.