Neil Hartigan graduated from Georgetown University and earned a law degree from Loyola University Chicago. He began his career in municipal government and served as a protégé of Mayor Richard J. Daley, holding various roles including lobbyist and attorney. Hartigan transitioned to elected office as Democratic Committeeman for Chicago's 49th ward and later served as Lieutenant Governor of Illinois, where he helped establish the state's Department on Aging. He then returned to public service as Attorney General, where he championed legislation for crime victims and consumer protection. Hartigan later served on the Illinois Appellate Court and the Illinois Court of Claims.

Neil Hartigan's political career is marked by an intriguing blend of progressive legal advocacy and fiscal conservatism, particularly evident in his opposition to making Illinois' temporary income tax increase permanent. His tenure as attorney general showcases a commitment to social justice through lawsuits protecting vulnerable populations, yet he simultaneously navigated a complex political landscape by endorsing moderate candidates like Joe Biden. Hartigan's strategic support for Hillary Clinton in 2008, followed by his backing of Biden in 2020, suggests a nuanced approach to party loyalty and ideological alignment. His legislative efforts, such as the 1983 Illinois Violent Crime Victims Assistance Act, reveal a calculated approach to policy that balances social welfare with fiscal responsibility.