J. Proctor Knott commenced his legal career in the mid-19th century, practicing law in Missouri and Kentucky. He held significant public office, serving as Missouri's attorney general and a member of the Missouri House of Representatives. Knott's career was marked by his principled stand against federal allegiance during the Civil War, resulting in his disbarment and imprisonment. Post-disbarment, he transitioned to academia, becoming a professor and later the first dean of the law department at Centre College, where he also taught civics and economics.

J. Proctor Knott's political identity is marked by a steadfast commitment to regional stability and legal integrity, even when it conflicts with federal mandates. His refusal to pledge allegiance to the federal government during the Civil War led to his disbarment, revealing a principled yet rigid stance on state sovereignty. Knott's later academic roles suggest a dedication to educating future leaders on civics and economics, blending his legal expertise with a broader vision of governance. His legislative actions, such as chairing the judiciary committee and conducting impeachment hearings, highlight a calculated approach to upholding judicial standards, even against powerful adversaries.