Ichabod Bartlett graduated from Dartmouth College in 1808 and was admitted to the bar in 1811, establishing a legal career in Durham. He served as a clerk for the New Hampshire Senate and as state solicitor for Rockingham County. Bartlett also held legislative positions in the New Hampshire House of Representatives, including a term as speaker. He represented New Hampshire in the United States House of Representatives for six years and participated in the state constitutional convention.

Ichabod Bartlett's political career reveals a complex blend of traditional and progressive elements, particularly in his legislative record. His frequent shifts in political alliances suggest a highly localized approach, often prioritizing regional interests over party lines. Bartlett's strategic silence on certain key issues leaves room for speculation about his underlying motivations and ideological consistency.