Charles Stockslager began his career in public service as a Justice of the Idaho Supreme Court, where he served from 1901 to 1906, including a term as Chief Justice. During his tenure, he issued a significant opinion in 1905 that established mining companies could not dump debris and poisonous substances in waterways affecting downstream users. Following his judicial service, Stockslager transitioned into electoral politics, running as a Democratic candidate for Governor of Idaho in 1906 and later for the U.S. Senate in 1909.

Charles Stockslager's judicial philosophy reveals a principled stance against environmental degradation by corporate entities, as evidenced by his 1905 opinion on mining waste. His ideological positioning appears to blend a strong commitment to environmental protection with a localized focus on regional industries. Stockslager's rhetoric often frames environmental issues in terms of community rights and industrial responsibility, suggesting a nuanced approach to balancing economic and ecological interests.